Networking Fundamentals

How the Internet Works

Explore layered network communication models that underpin global digital connectivity and learn how data traverses through different protocol architectures.

🗂 OSI Model Deep Dive 🌐 TCP/IP Practical Guide

Protocol Model Comparison

7️⃣

OSI Model

An international standard defining seven distinct network communication layers that provide a comprehensive framework for understanding network interactions.

Key Features:
  • • Layered abstraction
  • • Standardized interfaces
  • • Theoretical foundation
Primary Use:
  • • Network design
  • • Academic education
  • • Protocol debugging
🚉 See OSI Model in Action →
5️⃣

TCP/IP Model

The practical model implemented on the internet, consolidating OSI layers into four functional groups optimized for real-world network communication.

Key Features:
  • • Layer merging
  • • Internet-focused
  • • Practical implementation
Primary Use:
  • • Internet infrastructure
  • • Network development
  • • Real-world protocols
🚀 Explore TCP/IP Details →

Interactive Layer Builder

Drag & Drop Demo

Visualize layer interactions by selecting and connecting different network components

Application
Transport
Internet
Network
Build your network stack by dragging layers into this area

Practical Protocols

HyperText Transfer Protocol

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: www.google.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
Accept: text/html

Fundamental protocol operating at the application layer for web communication

Transmission Control Protocol

# Establish TCP connection to port 80
nc -vz google.com 80

Reliable transport protocol ensuring complete data delivery at layer 4

Internet Protocol

# View routing table
ip route show

Routing layer responsible for packet delivery between networks

Ethernet Frame

# Display network interfaces
arp -a

Physical layer protocol for local network communication