In the era of digital transformation, users must understand both legal rights and practical security measures. This guide outlines essential steps to protect personal and business data while complying with legal requirements like GDPR and the EU Cyber Resilience Act.
The Legal Framework for User Security
Greece, as a member state of the European Union, enforces strict data protection laws. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) grants individuals fundamental rights to data privacy and mandates specific security practices for organizations. The National Cybersecurity Authority (EΣΕΕΔ) also enforces additional cybersecurity obligations.
GDPR Article 32: Security of Processing
Organizations and individuals must implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to ensure a level of security appropriate to the risk.
Key User Security Practices
- Strong Passwords: Use unique passwords for all accounts and consider password managers.
- Encryption: Enable encryption for files, messages, and communications (e.g., WhatsApp, Signal).
- Public WiFi: Avoid sensitive transactions over unsecured networks. Use aVPN for added protection.
- Phishing Awareness: Verify the sender before clicking on any links or sharing personal information.
- Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Enable 2FA for all critical accounts.
Security for Small Businesses in Greece
Greek SMEs face unique cybersecurity challenges but can protect themselves with these steps:
1. Access Control
Implement role-based access and regularly audit user permissions.
2. Data Backup
Store backups in encrypted cloud storage and perform test restores weekly.
3. Training
Provide regular cybersecurity training for all employees to reduce human error risks.
Legal Implications of Data Breaches
Under Greek law and the GDPR, data breaches require organizations to:
- Report breaches to the Hellenic Data Protection Authority (HEΠΟ) within 72 hours
- Notify affected individuals if the breach poses high risk
- Document all incidents for audits
Penalties for Non-Compliance
Businesses can face fines up to €20 million or 4% of global turnover for major GDPR violations.
Security Tools for Developers
Developers should use the following tools to ensure security by design:
Example: Password Hashing
```javascript
const crypto = require('crypto');
function hashPassword(password) {
return crypto.createHash('sha256')
.update(password)
.digest('hex');
}
```
Always use established cryptographic libraries instead of custom solutions.
