🧩 Modular Architecture

Learn how to design scalable systems with principles like separation of concerns, encapsulation, and loose coupling.

Jump to Principles See Code Examples

Core Principles

👁️

Separation of Concerns

Organize by responsibility. Each module should handle only one function.

/modules/auth/ /modules/api/ /modules/ui/
🔒

Encapsulation

Hide implementation details. Expose only necessary interfaces.

  • Clean public APIs
  • Internal state management
  • Private utility functions
🪂

Loose Coupling

Minimize direct dependencies between components for better flexibility.

Bad: DirectClassReference
Good: InterfaceImplementation
⛏️

Composability

Combine simple modules to create complex solutions.

search = api + ui + auth

Common Patterns

Core-Plugin Architecture

Core provides common infrastructure while plugins add functionality.

core/ plugins/authentication/ plugins/payment/

Module Federation

Share code between applications via remote module references.

// webpack.config.js
shared: {
'react': { singleton: true }
}

Implementation Details

Module Loader

Dynamic module loading system with dependency resolution.

class ModuleLoader {
  constructor(modules) {
    this.modules = modules;
  }

  async load(moduleName) {
    console.log(`Loading ${moduleName}`);
    return this.modules[moduleName]();
  }
}

Communication Patterns

Use events or middleware for cross-module messaging.

// Event-based
EventBus.on('file-upload', (data) => {
  console.log('File event received:', data);
});

EventBus.emit('file-upload', { progress: 80 });

Best Practices

🧩

Versioning

Use semantic versioning. Increment versions based on changes.

  • 1.0.0 - initial version
  • 1.1.0 for features
📚

Documentation

Keep interfaces and dependencies well-documented for clarity.

  • Module README.md
  • Public API documentation

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