Secure Wallet Design Patterns
In this article, we'll explore modern cryptographic and design patterns for building secure digital wallets. These patterns address critical security concerns including key management, transaction signing, and recovery processes.
1. Key Derivation & Hierarchical Determinism
BIP39/SLIP-0044 standards define a clear hierarchy for key derivation. This allows for:
- Master seed derivation
- Account separation
- Multiple address generation
<p class="text-white"
<pre class="bg-gray-800 text-green-400 p-3 rounded"
<code class="language-javascript"
<span class="keyword">const seedMnemonic = "your recovery phrase here";<span class="keyword">const derivedKey = deriveHDKey(seedMnemonic, "m/39'/1'/0'0/0");<span class="keyword">const wallet = Wallet.fromHDKey(derivedKey.mnemonic);
</code>
</pre>
2. Multi-Signature Patterns
Multi-signature schemes enhance security through:
- Threshold signing requirements
- Hardware wallet isolation
- Hot/cold wallet separation
<p class="text-white"
<pre class="bg-gray-800 text-green-400 p-3 rounded"
<code class="language-javascript"
<span class="keyword">const wallet1 = createWallet();
<span class="keyword">const wallet2 = createWallet();
<span class="keyword">const { multisig, requiredSigs } = createMultisig({
<span class="property">wallets: [wallet1.address, wallet2.address],
<span class="property">required: 2
<span class="punctuation">});<br>
</code>
</pre>
3. Key Recovery Methods
Effective recovery patterns should include:
- Encrypted recovery keys
- Social recovery patterns
- Hardware wallet integration
<p class="text-white"
<pre class="bg-gray-800 text-green-400 p-3 rounded"
<code class="language-javascript"
<span class="keyword">const encryptedRecovery = encryptRecoveryKey({
<span class="property">key: mnemonic,
<span class="property">salt: "social_recovery_salt"
<span class="punctuation">});<br>
</code>
</pre>
4. Secure Implementation Patterns
Best practices for secure wallet implementation:
- Use Web Crypto API for key operations
- Store keys in secure enclaves (WebHID/Hardware Wallets)
- Implement transaction preview & signing limitations
<p class="text-white"
<pre class="bg-gray-800 text-green-400 p-3 rounded"
<code class="language-javascript"
<span class="keyword">if (isHardwareWalletAvailable()) {
<span class="keyword">const signedTx = signTransaction(transaction, "ledger_01h");
} else {
<span class="keyword">const signedTx = signWithSoftwareWallet(transaction);
}
</code>
</pre>
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