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Web WebGPU Performance

Understanding WebGPU: A Deep Dive

Sep 10, 2025 · 8 min read

What is WebGPU?

WebGPU is the next-generation API that allows developers to harness the full power of modern GPUs directly in the browser. Unlike OpenGL or WebGL, WebGPU brings low-level access to GPU capabilities similar to Vulkan or Metal, enabling high-performance graphics and compute workloads.

Key Features

Parallel Compute

Execute GPU compute shaders for non-graphics tasks like machine learning and physics simulations.

3D Graphics

Modern 3D rendering pipelines with full control over shaders and pipelines.

Security

Built-in sandboxing and secure API design to prevent GPU resource exhaustion attacks.

Why WebGPU Matters?

  • Replaces WebGL with modern GPU access while maintaining security

  • Enables complex GPU computations like ML inference directly in browsers

  • Future-proofs web applications for next-gen GPU features

Getting Started with WebGPU

                        // Basic WebGPU setup example
if (navigator.gpu) {
    const adapter = await navigator.gpu.requestAdapter();
    const device = await adapter.requestDevice();
    
    const shaderModule = device.createShaderModule({
        code: \`
            [[stage(vertex)]] fn vertexMain() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4 {
                return vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
            }
            
            [[stage(fragment)]] fn fragmentMain() -> [[location(0)]] vec4 {
                return vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
            }
        \`
    });
    
    const pipeline = device.createRenderPipeline({
        vertex: {
            module: shaderModule,
            entryPoint: "vertexMain",
        },
        fragment: {
            module: shaderModule,
            entryPoint: "fragmentMain",
            targets: [{ format: "bgra8unorm" }],
        },
        primitive: {
            topology: "triangle-list",
        }
    });
}